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Nishika Reddy, MD, right, and a patient discuss a new treatment option for extreme dry eye available at the Moran Eye Center.
Nishika Reddy, MD, right, and a patient discuss a new treatment option for extreme dry eye available at the Moran Eye Center.

Three new treatments are among the options available for this complex condition that affects millions.

Dry eye disease affects almost 20 million people in the U.S. yet remains notoriously misdiagnosed and underrated.

That is, in part, because dry eye is a complex condition with a range of potential causes and symptoms, explains John A. Moran Eye Center ophthalmologist Nishika Reddy, MD.

鈥淚t can manifest if your tear gland doesn鈥檛 make enough tears. It can also happen if tears don鈥檛 contain enough oil, which causes them to evaporate too quickly. For some people, the condition causes mild irritation and redness. For others, it can bring on blurry vision and eye pain that can disrupt everyday life,鈥 Reddy says. 鈥淔ortunately, we have access to some highly effective new treatments for patients experiencing that kind of disruption.鈥

Reddy, a corneal specialist, uses her expertise to diagnose patients, consider underlying causes, and guide them through their options.

鈥淥ften what鈥檚 successful is a variety of ongoing treatments,鈥 she says. 鈥淯nfortunately, right now, most health insurers do not cover the newest treatments, but for some patients, it鈥檚 worth the out-of-pocket expense.鈥
 

Latest FDA-Approved Options for Dry Eye

TEARCARE
On the extreme side of dry eye, Reddy treats patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a condition caused by the dysfunction of a few dozen tiny eyelid glands that help make the oil layer of tears. This layer, one of three that keep the eye surface from drying out too quickly, is critical. When the meibomian glands get clogged, less oil reaches the eye surface, and tears dry out too quickly.

鈥淣ot all patients with dry eye have MGD, so they need a good exam to make sure that鈥檚 the condition. Often, it鈥檚 patients with significant symptoms who have not had good results with over-the-counter treatments such as artificial tears, warm compresses, and eyelid scrubs,鈥 says Reddy.

鈥淚n these cases, I may recommend TearCare鈥攁 painless procedure where we place a noninvasive, comfortable device on both eyelids for 15 minutes to gently warm the meibomian glands. While the device is doing its work, the patient can just relax. Then, while the glands are nice and warm, I come in and express, or 鈥榗lean out,鈥 the glands.鈥

Patients need to repeat the procedure in three months, and Reddy cautions the treatment does not negate the need for drops or other medications.

MIEBO
Excessive tear evaporation can trigger a chronic cycle of inflammation and friction, damaging the ocular surface and disrupting the intricate balance among the many layers of the eye鈥檚 surface. For some people, that includes a chronic stinging sensation, a feeling that something foreign is in the eye, or other irritations.

鈥淪tudies have shown that Miebo, a prescription eye drop that directly targets excessive tear evaporation instead of tear formation, is highly effective,鈥 Reddy says. "The solution, called perfluorohexyloctane, is designed to mimic a key natural function where meibomian glands produce a lipid-rich secretion that forms the tear film lipid layer and helps to maintain a healthy ocular surface.鈥

TYRVAYA
Tyrvaya (Varenicline solution) offers another option for patients whose eyes don鈥檛 make enough tears. It鈥檚 a nasal spray that kick-starts your body to produce its own natural tears.

鈥淭yrvaya works by activating glands and cells connected to a nerve inside your nose that is part of the pathway for controlling tear film production,鈥 explains Reddy. 鈥淚n some cases, it can help relieve symptoms for people who haven鈥檛 had success with other therapies.鈥

What Causes Dry Eye

When a person blinks, a protective layer called the tear film spreads across the surface of the eyes to provide protection and nourishment.

When one or more of the three layers of the tear film are out of balance, it can trigger the cycle of disruptive dry eye. 

The tear film is made of three layers:

  • The aqueous layer helps distribute natural tears over the eyes, keeping them moist and free of foreign particles. 
  • The lipid layer keeps the aqueous fluid from evaporating so the eyes stay lubricated.
  • The mucin layer helps distribute tears over a person鈥檚 eyes and keeps the tears on the surface.
Dry Eye Graphic

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